TTX continued

fact: in Haiti, voodoo believers (mak/pak dukun) use TTX extracted from newts and puffer fish to create 'zombie poison'. the term zombification is used since victims of this poison will experience muscle paralysis; conscious but unable to move...cam mayat hidup le..oh, it's amazing how these people can create this deadly poison to harm other people,..tikam je la ngn pisau lagi senang..

treatment for TTX poisoning: NO KNOWN ANTIDOTE!!! (pak/mak dukun voodoo bersorak kegirangan..)

however, some measures can be taken to counteract TTX poisoning. in 1973, Torda et.al stated that the treatment for TTX poisoning is essentially supportive, focusing on treating/ reducing the effects and symptoms until all TTX mlcs are excreted.
if TTX is ingested, gastric lavage;' emptying all nasty things in the stomach' will be performed. activated charcoal is also given to the victim so that the charcoal can bind with TTX molecules, preventing them from binding to TTX binding site on voltage-gated sodium channels. the victim should be artificially ventilated to ensure respiration (breathing). this is important as breathing failure is the underlying cause of death in TTX poisoning. A. Alcaraz suggested that TTX can be destroyed by using alkaline solution or strong acidic solution since TTX is soluble in acidic aq solution.

symptoms which resolve over a period of days with a good prognosis if patients survive 18 to 24 hours after ingestion of TTX. (Bower et al, 1981)

future treatment
monoclonal antibody was produced and used on mice. the mice were injected with TTX and soon followed by injection of the antibody.it is shown that this immunisation causes TTX to become non-toxin and the antibody also showed high specificity towards TTX.
(kendo matsumura, 1994)

p/s: tiup kanan tiup kiri..puff2x esok nye essay que kuar pasal TTX puff2x ;-) all the best to me!